Life and Works of Leonardo Da Vinci Essay Example For Students

Life and Works of Leonardo Da Vinci Essay One of the most imaginative personalities of Italian Renaissance as an extraordinary painter as well as a gifted stone carver, designer and a capable architect, Leonardo da Vinci was conceived on fifteenth April 1452 close to the Tuscan town of Vinci. He was an ill-conceived offspring of Ser Pierro da Vinci a persuasive nearby attorney and a youthful worker young lady named Caterina, who were in wedlock. Leonardo spent his youth till 1457 of every an amlet of Anchiano, 5 km from Vinci with his mom and her folks. His dad San Pierro, after a progression of relationships and separations in the end wedded to a woman from affluent family where multi year old Leonardo was an invite expansion. As a youngster Leonardo was savvy with an extraordinary ability for number juggling and playing lyre just as singing. His initial instruction was done at home in Vinci where he lived in a major bequest with his dad, stepmother, a few siblings and sisters and above all his Uncle Francesco who was a rancher and had an affection for nature. Youthful Leonardo confined a lot of time with his uncle working outside, drawing representations and discovered him powerful during his early stages. Leonardo was taught in different fields including number-crunching, geometry, music and latin till the age of 14. Be that as it may, it was his drawing and painting abilities that stood apart preeminent and to additionally build up his gifts, at 15 years old, he went for apprenticeship to the at that point, prestigious workshop of Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence. Florence in those early Renaissance days was a free republic and a business community, and was forming into center point of creative ability that was original in molding the Italian Renaissance. Andrea del Verrochios workshop was among the best in Florence and was related with training of a few incredible Renaissance specialists separated from Leonardo like Perugino, Ghirlandaio, and Sandro Boticelli. During the apprenticeship Leonardo learnt painting, chiseling and demonstrating, yet additionally a wide assortment of specialized exchange aptitudes like drafting, metallurgy, mortar throwing, science, mechanics and carpentry. He utilized his logical comprehension to upgrade his canvases. He considered and outlined rocks, caverns, fossils, flying creatures and ponies. Later during the apprenticeship he began building up his own specialty in creating flying machines, plunging suites and so on. Among probably the soonest work of Leonardo was his commitment in the composition Baptism of Christ alongside Verrochio in 1472 where he painted the essence of a holy messenger holding Jesus robe. His work satisfied Verrochio so much that he gave Leonardo greater tasks and Leonardo remained at the workshop till 1477 making fine instances of workmanship. Looking for new difficulties, and cash, Leonardo went to serve the Duke of Milan in 1482. He labored for a long time in Milan on different activities including painting, culpting, structuring for expound celebrations and furthermore gave the Duke 1485 to 1490 he delivered tests and studies dependent on a wide assortment of subjects like flying machines, geometry, mechanics, metropolitan developments, waterways and scaffolds, war vehicles, battle types of gear and so on. He additionally provided the Duke with war techniques and made him his solid benefactor. It was additionally during this time, he performed concentrates on structure of human life structures at his humming workshop in Milan. He would regularly invest energy outside considering nature or testing covertly in his workshop analyzing body portions of the dead to uncover the human life structures, much gainst the ordinary standards of the congregation. Leonardos trinkets mind constrained him to skip from one thing to other and henceforth a lion's share of Leonardos work is incomplete. During the 17 years at Milan, Leonardo finished just 6 works of art the most remarkable of them being The Last Supper and Virgin on the Rocks. During the most recent decade of the 1 fifth century, Leonardo additionally built up a propensity for keeping up his own scratch pad, in which he used to draw portrays and expound on his perceptions. His work secured four principle topics: painting, engineering, mechanics and human life structures nd is safeguarded in codices which are as yet being concentrated by numerous antiquarians. In 1499, after the attack of Milan by the French and the fall of Ludovico Sforza, Leonardo worked for a few bosses and went to different places in Italy including Venice, Florence, Rome, chipping away at assortment of ventures. His most striking work, Mona Lisa was started in 1503 and finished in 1506/07. During the most recent three years, Leonardo additionally served the Medici family in France where his benefactor King Frances I skilled him with a rich Chateau du Clos Luce at Amboise. Leonardo endured loss of motion in right hand during his mature age in late sixties, yet at the same time he ontinued instructing. He kicked the bucket in on 2 May, 1519, matured 67 years, in his Chateau at Amboise. According to the legend, King Frances I was close by at the hour of his demise. Commitment to Renaissance Leonardos logical examinations and works of art have been original in impacting an oblivious early Renaissance Italian culture on the way of information, thinking and science. Life is Beautiful - Surviving the Holocaust EssayThe painting uncovers separation and the subject gives off an impression of being sitting nearer to the watcher than the foundation. The dim tone of Mona Lisas dress stands out from the lighter tones out of sight and wrinkles on her dress are plainly outlined by the transaction of light and shade. Specifying of the representation is done carefully as the lines on her dress are rehashed in a characteristic manner as are the line used to make streets and trees in foundation to shape an authenticity in painting. Another intriguing perception about Mona Lisa is the utilization of viewpoint whereby all lines lead to a solitary evaporating point behind her head a procedure which numerous craftsmen of early renaissance attempted to create like Perugino, Masaccio and so on. Leonardo was likewise an ace of utilizing imagery and here, he painted the correct arm of the subject laid on left which exemplifies her as a dependable wedded lady of prudence, rather than utilizing a wedding band as an image. The baffling grin is portrayed by slight augmentations toward the finish of the lips where as the eyes are stale at the watcher are the main correspondence with the crowd. This makes a puzzling, secretive state of mind in the work of art further emphasizd by the clashing scene which epitomizes a moving toward storm. The Last Supper: The Last Supper is an enormous wall painting finished with tempura and oil paint on mortar, ade by Leonardo da Vinci in 1495-98, at the command of Duke Ludovico Sforza of Milan. The artistic creation is done on the mass of the refectory in the Monastery of Sta. Maria delle Grazie in Milan, where it supplemented the common ascetic meals. The Last Supper has been painted by numerous craftsmen previously and numerous specialists after Leonardo did, and every one of those renditions uncovered different viewpoints. The form by Leonardo da Vinci comprised of a scene from the life of Jesus Christ as taken from Bible, whereby he is having the last dinner with his 12 teaches and uncovers that one f them would deceive him. The canvas investigates different human feelings with appearances of stun, disloyalty, shock, and above all blame on Judas face. Jesus is situated in the middle with 12 supporters seating on his either sides in an aggregate of four groups of three. As an ace of imagery, Leonardo draws an allegorical portrayal of moving toward Jesus penance for the salvation of humanity, the establishment of foundation of mass or even a pre-fguration of the social affair of this neighborhood ascetic network for collective dinners. The ternions represent the sacred trinity and four gatherings propose the our components of universe fire, water, air and earth four headings, four seasons in simply behind Jesus head and the one point straight viewpoint is complemented by the embroidered works of art on the sides of the dividers that get shorter as they subside. This represents separation and therefore a three dimensional picture on a plane. The pyramidal type of Jesus is emphasizd by a careful geometric set up of the artistic creation that covers the whole mass of the refectory and is deliberately set up inside the inside structural plan of the structure. The emotional feel is made by a Judicious utilization of light that ppears from the three windows, at the focal point of the divider behind Jesus head whose idiosyncrasy is without a care in the world regardless of the change around him on the table. Judas is appeared as sitting in extraordinary left corner in the principal set of three, with Peter and John. The three windows give progressively stylish incentive to the sensational set up as opposed to representative for this situation. References: Mansen Raven. Leonardo Da Vincis Notebook Project. 2007. Web. 25 September 2013 Renaissance Man. Gallery of Science. Boston. Web. 25 September 2013. Waggoner Ben. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 1 519), Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas. Arkansas. Web. 5 September 2013. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 1519). BBC History. London. Web. 5 September 2013. Duoma , Michael, caretaker. Leonardo Da Vincis Chiaroscuro. WebExhibits. Organization for Dynamic Educational Advancements, Washington DC. Web. 25 September 2013 University of Arts. All inclusive Leonardo. College of Arts. London. Web. 25 September 2013. The Mona Lisa. Worldwide Studies, Art Historical Analysis. Web. 25 September 2013. Stockstad, M. , Cothren, M. W. , Art of High Renai ssance Reformation, Art a Brief History, fifth Edition, Pearson Education Inc. , Laurence King Publishing Limited, London. Recovered on 25 September 2013.

V.S. Naipaul’s Mimic Men: Analysis of Identity Crisis

V.S. Naipaul’s Mimic Men: Analysis of Identity Crisis Unique This article endeavors to decide portrayal of character emergency in V. S. Naipaul’s work Mimic Men. Also, this article endeavors to relate how this novel is loaded with the subject of personality emergency. Besides, the examination of the novel’s type and characters announce subjects that are shaded by postmodern attribute of discontinuity, which is talked about on a hypothetical base with an emphasis on the topic of personality emergency. V.S. Naipaul has consistently spoken to a forswearing of the third-world soul, and has spoken to social orders that have as of late rose up out of imperialism. He portrays the manner in which these social orders work in the post-pioneer request. In spite of the fact that dominion has passed and the settlements have achieved an autonomous status, yet these countries of the Third World faces a great deal of issues like monetary, social and political, and these are risen character emergency in the general public. As a post-pioneer write r, Naipaul focuses on significant subjects identified with the issues of the colonized individuals. As an eyewitness and translator of the ex-settlements, he explains the insufficiencies of such social orders. In his books, The Mimic Men, the subject obtain a comprehensiveness and watches and presents the discontinuity and estrangement happen to be the widespread area of man in the current day world. Presentation Some prominent Third World pundits focus fundamentally on Naipaul’s improvement as an innovative craftsman who gets issues identifying with the Third World. His works illuminate the Post-pioneer and post-majestic real factors that have formed the contemporary social orders and gives significant experiences identifying with them. Naipaul’s books lead to a superior comprehension of the issues that are looked by the post-magnificent ages. In The Mimic Men, it has been seen that, as in the books concentrated in the past parts, the characters just as circumstances in The Mimic Men are managed by a â€Å"ambivalent approach†. The bigger accentuation, be that as it may, has been believed to be laid on Singh’s mentality which makes â€Å"ambivalence† personality emergency by stressing his teeter-totter relationship to Isabella and London. For example, in the upper room scene, Singh has been seen to waver between the â€Å"magic† and the â€Å"forlor nness† of â€Å"the city,† which is London, the â€Å"heart of Empire†. At that point, in the forward scene, Singh from one viewpoint reprimands his pilgrim island for being a â€Å"transitional† and â€Å"makeshift† society that â€Å"lacks order,† and then again, he depicts London as â€Å"the more noteworthy disorder† and the â€Å"final emptiness.† While Singh finds the characteristic components of London, for example, the day off the â€Å"light of dusk† dazzling, he disdains London’s bluntness and absence of shading. Not long after Singh has left Isabella with the expectation never to return, he expresses that London has â€Å"gone sour† on him and that he yearns for the â€Å"certainties† of his island, in spite of the fact that this is the spot from where he once needed to get away. These early scenes, at that point, which go during Singh’s remain as an understudy in London, tell about Singh’s thwarted expectation with London, to where he has come, â€Å"fleeing disorder,† and â€Å"to locate the start of order.† In a subsequent glimmer forward, in any case, as Singh shows up at Isabella, he calls his excursion to and from London a â€Å"double journey† and a â€Å"double failure.† This â€Å"ambivalent situation† demonstrates that Singh is no place at home, and it is a backhanded analysis towards the â€Å"coloniser†, who can be supposed to be the first reason for Singh’s â€Å"rootlessness†, character emergency, since he has â€Å"displaced† provincial individuals like Singh. This contention is strengthened by a model given by Singh, where, to compose his life story, he lean towards the dull suburb lodging of London to the peaceful cocoa domain on Isabella. Singh considers his arrival to Isabella a slip-up, yet he accepts that the reason for his mix-up has been the â€Å"injury inflicted† on him by London, where he can never feel himself as anything other than â€Å"disintegrating, silly, and fluid.† This is another model that shows to what degree Singh has been influenced by the coloniser’s practice of â€Å"displacing† individuals. Leaving Isabella, Singh feels help. Be that as it may, as he shows up in London Singh feels he is â€Å"bleeding.† For the second time he detects the â€Å"forlornness† of â€Å"the city† on which he has twice â€Å"fixed so significant a hope.† Twice he has gone to the â€Å"centre of Empire† to discover request, yet twice he has been disappointed. Character emergency The personality emergency that his characters face is because of the devastating of their past and the individuals who in the long run beat the emergency are the ones who have recuperated their past or by one way or another figured out how to force a request on their chronicles and proceeded onward throughout everyday life. Naipaul’s disposition to culture has consistently been dynamic. It is the Third-World’s daze mimicry of the West that he can't stomach. He lashes out at the weaknesses of Third-World social orders, which have their underlying foundations in their customary societies, however are incognizant of them in their visually impaired after of the West. They are consequently ready to keep up a particular personality. Be that as it may, for the age conceived estranged abroad, life in the remote soil demonstrates practically lethal, as they have not been honored with the insularity of their progenitors, who went there from India. For the new age, India loses the feeling of reality that it had passed on to their predecessors. The significant subjects that rise up out of a perusing of his books are identified with the issues of the colonized individuals: their feeling of Alienation from the scenes, their character emergency, the Catch 22 of opportunity and the issue of neocolonialism in the ex-states. The individuals who can no longer relate to a social legacy lose the confirmation and respectability which the finding racial predecessor gives. Furthermore, the cruel states of expansionism have left the West Indian awful conditions under the weight of destitution and numbness. Since mental and states of being relate so intently, the unhoused, destitution stricken West Indian is so frequently socially and profoundly confiscated also. His solitary option is to seek out the way of life of his ex-pilgrim aces despite the fact that he can't relate to their customs and qualities. In The Mimic men, be that as it may, Kripal Singh isn't incapacitated by neediness, numbness, an absence of regular ability or the oppression of a getting a handle on Hindu family. He has picked up the material achievement, open greatness and clear autonomy that Ganesh, Harbans and Biswas all ached to have. Also, in light of his college degree and his presentation to an increasingly complex society in London, he is better ready to perceive and express the numerous ills of his local back ground. in any case, his obviously unrivaled status and intense awareness don't make him any less defenseless against the unpretentious, yet over driving results of his mentally divided and confounding past. Truth be told, his capacity to excuse his own condition hones instead of diminishes his absolute estrangement from his condition and his last dismissal of a functioning life. The Mimic Men, be that as it may, is in excess of a unimportant elaboration of Naipauls past West Indian books: it is a significant re sanctioning of the development and nature of the East In dian, west Indian mind and its response to the three societies, Indian, Creole and English, which impact it. All the while, Kripal Singh, the storyteller, questioner and visionary, remarks on power, legislative issues, social and racial associations, sex, training, uprooting, segregation and personality emergency as experienced by the ex-frontier. Every point is utilized to enlighten an aspect of his brain. End To sum up what has been contended above, Singh is baffled about both Isabella and London, since he is an individual from a colonized people that has been â€Å"displaced† character emergency on a provincial â€Å"slave-island,† with a racially and socially blended populace. In the period before Singh comes to London, he wavers between his yearning to escape from the island, where he feels â€Å"displaced† and â€Å"rootless†, and the inclination that experience past on the frontier island all things considered connects him by one way or another to it. During Singh’s political profession, the â€Å"ambivalent attitudes† in Singh and Browne have demonstrated that, while they appear to reprimand the â€Å"colonised† and the province, their â€Å"ambivalent attitude† really shows that the genuine wellspring of the flaws condemned in people and the general public is to be found with the â€Å"coloniser†. At long last, Singh es capes from his â€Å"artificial home† to the â€Å"imperial centre† and cases to have discovered satisfaction there, yet his â€Å"ambivalent attitude† again shows that these are not genuine fulfilments, yet just reasons utilized by Singh to discover a â€Å"sense of attachment† in a certain â€Å"location† of the earth. In any case, in any event, during this appearing bargain, Singh offers his significant expression that at last joins him to his own way of life and not to the one of the colonizer. References Bongie, Chris. Islands and Exiles: The Creole Identities of Post/Colonial Literature. California: Stanford University Press, 1998. Harney, Stefano. Patriotism and Identity: Culture and the Imagination in a Caribbean Diaspora. Kingston: University of the West Indies, 1996. Naipaul, V.S. The Mimic Men. London, New York, and so on.: Penguin Books, 1969. (Firstâ published 1967).

ISEF Review

ISEF Review This past week, I went to the Intel International Science Engineering Fair in Indianapolis, Indiana. On Thursday, we had a reception at the Indianapolis Artsgarden: At left, the glass Artsgarden soaring above a busy city intersection; at right, the crowd at the reception. Faye Faye 10, Sukrit 10, and Ian 10 address the crowd. On Wednesday night, I went out to dinner with a dozen of the 20+ MIT 2010s at Intel ISEF. The table at dinner. In the first picture, Ethan, Desh, Matt, Maggie and Maysun (all 10); in the second picture, Alice, faye Faye and Ploy (again, all 10); and finally, Ian, Manuel, Zihao, and Reynaldo (MIT MMX). Intel ISEF is a huge fair, with nearly 1500 students from 40+ countries. On Thursday morning, I got to visit many of the finalists and their projects. Anneke 10 at her project, with her sign, which became a hit of the fair. Some of the underclassmen projects I visited: Iddoshe and Yi, Peter and Lucas, Jessica 10 and Sohan, Esther, Natasha with three middle school fans, and Iheoma.

Industrial Relations to Human Resource Management...

Introduction Human resources are the main drivers for today’s organization in managing employees as strategic plan as company’s objective (Haslinda 2009). Variety notion related with theory, perceptivity and understanding of human resource evolution from Industrial Relations (IR) tradition to Human Resource Management (HRM) has transpired to the present day. IR was considerably have two main division: labor management and mutual negotiation including the method of employment management (Kaufman 2001). The terminology from personnel management, or personnel administration and labor relations has been used by most writers represent IR or employment relations era. The evolving terms of both subject fields has initially started in 19th†¦show more content†¦As a subject field, HRM encompass PM on diversity aspect of human resource: staffing (workers and IR); shift management (compensation); administration purposes; performance (training and development) including ou tsource and subcontract network (Brewster 1995). Boxall (1992) defined the scope of work of HRM is more principal and strategic line of duty than IR in terms of PM. Disparity of both subject area Guest (1987) pointed out on several difference among both as particular form. First, regarding to time, planning view and contract, PM generally conducted for short-time program in specific case, on the basis of compliance, whereas HRM for long-term period, responsiveness, and strategic management. Within labor relationship, PM can be seen as customary notion (pluralist), simultaneous bargaining, yet low commitment or trust, opposite with HRM (commitment, individual and unitarist). Related with management, the role of PM as professional not widely integrated upon base management. Other distinctions based on Guest (1987) lies on control system (PM use external, HRM apply individual control), organization form (PM as centralised organization, HRM more flexible), assessment requirement (PM emphasize on cost reduction, whilst HRM accentuate in human resource utilization). Moreover, since HRM emphasize on preferable development for management team, as an odd remarkably integrated as coordinated activity (including forShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1562 Words   |  7 PagesHuman resource management (HRM) is an important strategic and systematic approach that provides each company with the opportunity to create policies and practices, as well as to establish administrative forms (Pfeffer, 2007). According to Armstrong (2009) HRM is an approach that deals with ‘employment, development, and well-being of the people working in organizations’. 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Problems In The Catcher in the Rye - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 844 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/23 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Catcher in The Rye Essay Did you like this example? Coping is a very hard mechanism to get through during your lifetime. Imagine losing your brother at a very young age; that is something not many people can get over easily. Growing up can be very difficult after going through a very traumatic experience at a very young age. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Problems In The Catcher in the Rye" essay for you Create order The protagonist in The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, portraits a teenager named Holden, who is trying to cope with his brother Alliers death. He is a teenager, but throughout the novel acts much younger than he actually is. He stays emotionally immature throughout most of his life, but later on realizes he needs to accept the good and the bad in the real world. This novel gives an example of a boy living in his own shell, when in reality he needs to start to mature and take on real problems. Holden believes he can hold on to his innocence and not transition to adulthood, but later realizes his time for youth is concluded. Holden tends to isolate himself and resists society as much as much as possible. During a very popular football game that most of his school attended, Holden was standing way up on top of Thomsen Hill (Salinger 5). He tries his best to not be seen in situations like these. Ever since his brother had passed away, he disconnects from reality. Holden assumes everybody around him is dishonest and not worth his time. He considers the biggest reason [he] left Elkton Hills was because [he] was surrounded by phonies(17). He has a very hard time transitioning himself from childhood to adulthood, and believes society consists of lies and extortion. Him grieving the death of his brother causes him to lose many opportunities. His immaturity comes prevalent to his teacher, Mr. Spencer, as Holden wished to hell hed stop calling [him] boy all the time(15). Holdenrs teacher recognizes and emphasize his immaturity by calling him boy when he speaks to him. He views him as a child that can not do much for himself. Holden is a lover for escaping adulthood as much as he can, and many people notice. Holden Caulfield slowly begins to realize he should develop into his own age, and not act like a child anymore. Some things forced him to change his viewpoint. Holden went to a certain museum numerous times in the novel because he liked how it never changed, and it always stayed the exact same every time he went. Later in the novel, a funny thing happened. When [he] got to the museum, all of a sudden [he] wouldnt have gone inside for a million bucks. It just didnt appeal to [him] (136). He realizes it is time for him to move on, and not stay focused on remaining with the same habits for the rest of his life. He understands his fantasy has to disappear, and he has to catch up with the real world. Moreover, Holden experiences a significant moment with his little sister Phoebe. She is with him at a park, and decides to go on the carousel while Holden watches blissfully. Phoebe does reach for a ring during a game played during her ride and Holden believes if [kids] want to grab for the g olden ring, you have to let them do it, and not say anything. (232). When Holden grants Phoebe to reach for that ring, he makes it obvious he is no longer trying to preserve and protect her from actually falling from innocence. He realizes nobody can block a child from adulting. Even when Holden visits Phoebers school,he sees many Fuck you signs, but realizes, [i]f you had a million years to do it in, you couldnt rub out even half the Fuck you signs in the world(222). He did try to rub the signs a bit, but then noticed that he can not take the cursing away from a child, and hit them with a chunk of purity and innocence. It is just overall impossible. Overall, The Catcher in the Rye, deals with numerous events of Holden sticking with his innocence and having trouble letting go. Later on, he does realize adulthood is not a choice,and it does start coming to him. This should be classified as a coming of age novel due to Holdenrs shocking maturity and realization towards the conclusion of the novel. Salinger advises growing up as a very difficult manner. Holden is doubtlessly a realistic teenager. Even though it did take some time for him to transition to adulthood, he still did. Many children that go through a traumatic experience, experience what Holden does. They go through a similar change transitioning into a mature and steady adult in modern days. The author, J.D. Salinger, emphasizes and connects to society now by bringing up stress. Holden is stressed about his family and relationships, just as most people go through. He reminds people that they are maturing gradually. Nowadays, readers would find this novel very compelling d ue to similar stresses and dreadful experiences teenagers go through, just like Holden.

Abortion Subject Free Essays

The topic of women having abortions can be an intense subject. This subject has always been a debate because the people of society cannot agree on weather â€Å"abortions† are right or wrong. In this paper I will give multiple reasons why abortions should be legal for women to have. We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion Subject or any similar topic only for you Order Now Abortions are legal and should remain legal because women should have the right to decide what happens with their bodies; some women that become pregnant are not ready emotionally or financially to be mothers; and abortions is the best answer for an unwanted pregnancy. It’s a woman choice I agree abortions should be legal because not all women can afford to take care of a child or give them the necessities they need. I also believe this choice should be up to women. This is the same with any medical procedure, if a person was to have a tumor while pregnant and it was life threatening, what you will choose to do save the baby or the woman. This is where abortions come in. People need not to look at this like a disease and start treating abortions like any other medical procedure. According to the Washington Post NBC/WSJ polls find that, on the 40 anniversary of the Supreme Court’s Roe v. Wade decision, 70 percent of Americans want the landmark abortions rights ruling to stay (Weiner, 2013). Indeed, as we learned from study there are more people who agree to keep this order in place for woman. This alone says it is a safe procedure if done right by experienced physician. Keeping abortions legal is the right choice because this is something that helps women have a choice on what to do with unwanted or unsafe pregnancies. While abortions can offer ways to help women with any kind of issues they may go through while pregnant, another important information women need to know is be safe and observe the physicians to ensure they are well qualified physicians. Pros of an abortion There are plenty of pros when it comes to this topic. Abortions are not as negative as everyone might want to think. Abortions are done in the case of women being raped; there are very few women that really want to keep their child in cases like this. Is abortion such a terrible thing in this situation? I do not think so. Doing research on this topic there are pros to legal abortions, study show A woman’s right to choose abortion is a fundamental right† recognized by the U. S Supreme Court. The landmark abortion case Roe v. Wade was decided on January 22, 1973, and remains the law of the land (ProCon. org, 2013). Certainly, there are people that do not agree with abortions and never will, but one person’s opinions should not affect other decisions. Although people say abortions are wrong and it’s killing another human being, it’s also important to remember why abortions are necessary. In cases abortions are not done for malicious intent, but in some cases they are done to save the life of women. Cons of abortions Where there are pros there are cons to any subject or topic. On the topic should abortions be legal, many say there are some cons that others do not believe. With this topic people will never be 100 percent comfortable. The only con I believe is getting the procedure done wrong by an unprofessional doctor that will lead to death and not by an experience doctor, nurse, or physicians to ensure your health. For example, study says† women should use contraceptives not abortion, to avoid unwanted pregnancies. A center for Disease Control and prevention study show that 19-25% of women who received abortions in 2006 had previously had one or more abortions. If abortions were not available, women would use preventable measures (ProCon. org, 2013). Having a negative attitude about abortions will lead to not looking at the positive sides of having a abortion. Seeing these kinds of negative impact puts a negative influence on others and confuses others about what is right for them and their body. After reading study, I have to say I disagree, just because woman have abortions and they are available does not mean all woman abuse the system. For example if a woman is raped she should have used protection to prevent her from getting pregnant. That does not make sense. Whose to say why women have abortions, society just follow the number of abortions and studies which can be misleading at times. What’s the risk of abortions? I personally believe in abortions but I also know there are health risks when having abortions. Currently in the United States over the years there have been a number of abortions happening. There is risk at everything we do, like including abortions. To avoid such risks according to study† currently in the United States, a patch work of state regulations determines who can provide abortions with several states specifically prohibiting non-physician clinicians from performing the procedure (News RX, 2013). Indeed, having educated nurses and other health physician handling patients that has had or is contemplating an abortion is the safest thing to do to ensure all women are cared for correctly while having this procedure. If people don’t take abortions seriously then people can have false information about this issue. This will lead to unsafe conditions do to abortions. Increasing the types of health care professionals who can provide early aspiration abortions care is one way to reduce this health care disparity (News RX, 3013). While there are risks to having an abortions the rate of abortions has fell 29% between 1990-2005 from 27. 4 to 19. 4 this is not counting the level cut from 2005-2008 (ProCon. org, 2013). With this being said the rate of abortions are continuing to fall which is a positive thing. Abortions help saves lives According to (Planned Parenthood) legal abortions protect women’s health. For tens of thousands of women with heart disease, kidney disease, severe hypertension, sickle cell anemia and severe diabetes, and other illnesses that can be life threathing, the availability of legal abortions has helped avert serious medical complications that would have resulted from childbirth (Planned Parenthood, 2006). Reasons why abortion should be legal If abortions were not legal, than women would have no options for an unwanted child. Let’s talk about unwanted children. For one every child wants to be wanted, and loved by someone. If women are forced to carry unwanted pregnancies to term, the outcome would be society has unloved, unwanted children having abandonments issues. This is another problem of its own. Again this is why I personally believe abortions should be legal. What abortion does is help some women who are not ready to be mothers financially and or emotionally. We all know that women have abortions for many different reasons even if society disagrees on this issue of abortion. Also abortions are a way to keep some of our children from having to grow up financially and emotionally deprived. Everyone looks at abortions as if it’s an easy task,† don’t want the child go have an abortions†. For some it’s not that easy and the reasoning behind having an abortion is not that easy either. It’s important not to judge someone for their actions and to not really know the reason as to why some women have made this choice. Reasons As I said before women have abortions for many different reasons. One may be because it wasn’t planned, â€Å"what some would call an accidental pregnancy†. Another reason could be in the case of rape. Majority of women would not want to be reminded of that kind of experience so abortion should be an option. Another reason is what if the baby had a birth defect that caused harm for the baby and the mother. Again abortion should be an option or even in the case of incest. I don’t think any women would want to keep a baby by someone from their own family they have known them their whole lives and that has raised them as a child. You have to be a very strong woman to go through these things, and there are plenty in our world. Having a child and being a parent are two different things if you look at it. Being a parent is someone who is going to guide you, nurture you, and loves you unconditionally, who provides and protects you. Now having a child any woman can do that. But for some they do not want or cannot do for their child/children. Having a child is a major responsibility financially, psychologically, and morally. Raising a child demands time, patients, effort, a sane mind and can’t forget money. How to cite Abortion Subject, Papers

High School Fears free essay sample

There were no sharks circling me. I wasn’t clinging to a ledge hundreds of feet above ground. I wasn’t lost in a dark alley†¦but I was still scared. It was the night before the first day of high school and my mind was full of worries: of new people. Of harder classes. Of the 2,400 students in my school. â€Å"Are you excited for your first day?† my mom asked. The pressure hung over me and I immediately burst into tears. The television shows I watched glorified high school, making it seem like the most important four years of my life. And going from a class of 40 to over 500 was a substantial transition. I was anxious and not handling it well. But my mom hugged and comforted me, saying the next day would be great. She was wrong. The first weeks of school were grim. I acted painfully shy, even though I’m naturally gregarious and laidback. We will write a custom essay sample on High School Fears or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I sat silently in class, even though I knew the answers. I feared doing or saying things out of the ordinary in fear that I would be judged and labeled for the rest of high school. And that fear took hold of me until I had no voice, and no personality. As the monotonous schooldays passed by, I realized I needed to make a change if I ever wanted to achieve my perfect high school experience. So I slowly forced myself out of my comfort zone. I talked to a new person in class. That wasn’t too bad. Then I made plans with them outside of school. What’s the worst that could happen? Then, basketball season arrived. Practices took up most of my time and my team needed me. I was finally at ease. After slowly forcing myself to step out of my comfort zone, I grew out of my uncertainty. Looking back, it surprises me how I let my fears control me. I regret the time I wasted growing to be comfortable in who I am, but I like the person I became. I may not have the ideal high school dream I was hoping for, but I’m enjoying the present and looking forward to the future: to lifelong friends. To intriguing classes. And to fulfilling my purpose in life.

The Desert Storm War Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Desert Storm War Essay, Research Paper The Desert Storm War, like about all wars throughout history, did non go on overnight. There were many events which led to the war. It could easy be seen that a struggle would originate in the Middle East. The mark of war were apparent. On July 17, 1990, Saddam Hussein accused Kuwait of oil overrun and larceny of oil from the Rumailia Oil Field. This was the first mark of a future struggle. One hebdomad subsequently, April Glaspie, US Ambassador to Iraq, tells Hussein that the Iraq/Kuwait difference is an Arab affair and it does non impact the United States. This was a bad move. It was like stating Hussein that he could make anything he wanted. By August 2, 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait, which was what forced the United States to come in into the personal businesss of the Middle East. President George Bush decides to stop dead Iraqi and Kuwaiti assets. Soon, the United Nations demands that Hussien should retreat. Although was has non yet been declared, it is obvious that military actions will hold to be taken. On August 7, 1990, Secretary of Defense Cheny goes to Saudi Arabia. The 82nd Airborne and several combatant squadrons are besides sent. This was the beginning of the long military physique up. The undermentioned twenty-four hours, Iraq decides to annex Kuwait. The UN declares the appropriation shut-in. The United States attempts to counter Iraq by denoting the interdiction plan of Iraqi transportation. In add-on to this, President Bush authorizes the call for modesty US troops to enter the Middle East. American military forces begins to swell in the country. On August 25, the UN authorizes military action. Iraq counteracts by ramping several diplomatic missions in Kuwait City. President Bush so orders extra military units to the Middle East to give an # 8220 ; violative option # 8221 ; to American forces. This was the physique up phase for the Desert Storm War. On November 20, 1990, 45 Democrats file a suit in Washington to hold President Bush seek Congressional blessing of military operations. This suit was finally thrown out. President Bush so seeks public blessing by sing the military personnels stationed in the Middle East. This was non planned to alteration any military personal businesss, but it helped to ease tensenesss in the United States. A hebdomad subsequently, the UN Security Council decides to authorise force if Iraq does non retreat from Kuwait by midnight, eastern criterion clip, January 15, 1991. Tensions in the Middle East are at an all clip high. The war may get down at any minute. On January 12, 1991, a ballot was taken in Congress to let US military personnels to be used in violative operations. Three yearss subsequently, a deadline is set by the UN Resolution 678 for Iraq to retreat. On January 16, the first United states authorities statement of Operation Desert-Storm is made. US military planes so onslaught Baghdad, Kuwait, and other military marks in the Iraq country. The war has begun. On January 17, 1991, Iraq launches it # 8217 ; s first SCUD missiles. US forces are still constructing while this is go oning. US forces in the Middle East exceed 500,000 by January 30. On February 6, Jordan King Hussein lashes out against the American barrages and supports Iraq. The American barrages, nevertheless, continue. On one mission, US bombers destruct a sand trap composite in Baghdad with several hundred citizens indoors. The decease toll is about 300. President Bush so issues an ultimatum to Iraq. If Iraqi forces do non retreat from Kuwait by February 23, American land forces will travel in. Iraq fails to follow, and the land war begins. Although high casualties were expected high during the land run, they are overly low. Many Iraqi forces resignation. The decease rate among American military personal is really lower during this run so it by and large is during peace clip. By February 26, 1991, Kuwaiti opposition leaders declare that they are in control of Kuwait City. Iraqi forces have been defeated. President Bush orders a cease fire effectual at midnight Kuwaiti clip, February 27. On March 3, Iraqi leaders officially accept the cease fire footings. The war is over. POW get down to be released. By March 8, the first US combat forces begin to return place. This was the Desert Storm War. Like most wars, its beginning was unobserved until the first military action was taken. Unlike most wars, nevertheless, the casualties among military forces were drastically light. Although the war did non last really long, it had a great impact on the Middle East. Kuwait was put into shambles during the war. With fiscal assistance, Kuwait would one time once more get down bring forthing oil. The immoralities which start wars were one time once more destroyed.

Roman Portraits essays

Roman Portraits essays Throughout history woman have most importantly played roles as the mother and caregiver of the family and were not valued as important figures in society that allowed them a right to speak or to be heard. The most notable way in which a person can view and try to understand the role of women and how they were viewed in their society is by observing and studying the art in a certain society. From depictions of women in paintings, portraits, and sculptures, they provide a means of translating the feelings of each society and how much women were admired and believed what position they belonged in their society. The society that took great pride in the articulate depiction of women were the Romans. I believe the examples of this can be seen in these three portrayals; the ancient Roman fresco portrait of Terentius Neo and his wife, marble portrait bust of Livia-wife of Augustus, and the portrait bust of the young Flavian woman. From these three portrayals, I will try to show how the women in this society were viewed by describing in detail the characteristics of each piece. The wall painting of the husband and wife can be considered as a portrait because of a number of reasons: the character portrayal of the two subjects, the possible position of the picture on the wall so as to be visible to anybody passing through the hall, and the shape and size of the frame which resembles a wooden panel around the image. The husband is depicted holding a scroll against his chin, while she has her stylus and diptych open, as if in the act of finishing off a poem or short story. The high cheekbones, full lips, large dark eyes, and darkened complexion could be typical of males in their society. Furthermore, the womans curly hair, earrings and probably expensive red cloak are unable to conceal her seemingly embarrassment at having to pose for such a long time surrounded by unfamiliar onlookers. Looking at the painting I get the feeling that the ...

Medication Errors Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medication Errors - Term Paper Example Whereas medication errors could occur in any given clinical setting, the emergency room presents an even higher risk for medication errors. This follows the fact that ER has unpredictable experiences and is fast-paced. In fact, of the adverse cases reported, 3% occurred in the ER, with medication errors occurring twice as much in ER as compared to inpatient setting (Ehsani et al., 2013). Furthermore, over 75% of visits to the ER entail the administration or prescription of medications, with the US recording over 210 million medication encounters in the ER annually (Dabaghzadeh et al., 2013). With this elevated risk, it would be important to find appropriate solutions for medication errors in ER.A multidisciplinary approach should be undertaken to curb medication errors in ER, coupled with systems-related changes. The national database would provide appropriate data to identify the trend and nature of medication errors and thus assist members to identify and undertake appropriate prev entive measures. Some of these measures as documented by Anderson and Townsend (2010) and FDA (2013) include computerized order entry systems, bar-coding systems, standardizing processes of medication use and automated dispensing cabinets among others. Even with these propositions, I believe that curbing medication errors entails the development of an appropriate culture that would promote the reporting of medication errors and non-punitive and systematic error elimination approaches.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Case Study Example In the theme the differentiation exists in terms of rides and attractions being offered, the faà §ade and architecture; and the employees and food being served. Thus, this uniqueness and control of environment makes Disney an enthralling experience. (Project 2006) Hence, when Disney decided to expand its business, it came up with two options for opening the theme park: Barcelona and Paris. However, due to the benefits in form of subsidies and tax incentives being offered by the French government; Paris was the final choice. Another major reason for opting for Paris was the market potential that the city offered. Within a 160 km radius of the proposed site for Euro Disney a population of sixteen million lived. Not just this, the presence of an efficient transportation network made Paris an ideal location. Even if Euro Disney would have had a lower penetration in the market as compared to its sister parks in California and Florida; the market size was huge giving a higher utilization of the capacity. Another attractive feature for opening a theme park in Europe was that the Europeans had a different pattern of spending their vacations. Not only is the time period of the holidays which Europeans enjoy longer than the American citizens. But the Europeans also take frequent smaller breaks throughout the year. Disney also kept in few the family size and the disposable incomes which the target audience was composing of. And thus, kept keeping these trends in mind Disney started its new venture. Another smart thing which Disney did when starting this venture was that it financed this project in a way that the risk was minimized. Disney floated a new company in the market called the Euro Disney SCA. Through this company the financial arrangements were made in a manner that the Walt Disney group had a 49% holding where as the rest of the share was generated by raising capital from the public. Further more, Disney was

Development Of Emotional Resilience

Development Of Emotional Resilience What is emotional resilience and how does this develop? What might the consequences be for someone who has this process disturbed? Emotional resilience is not a unitary concept of the self but integral to the multi-faceted, wider process of psychological resilience; retaining homeostatic mental security in an eternally shifting, socially constructed world. Resilience develops through experiential maturation; a dynamic process of adaptation and resistance in the endeavour to maintain social identity within specific hereditary and adaptive cultures. This response proposes that emotion is the core of an embodied individual resilience within relational contexts; therefore to seek conceptual understanding, consideration must be made of biological, behavioural and phenomenological influences on the psychological state. Empirical evidence proposes that the templates of emotional resilience are formed from the first day of a new life (even in uteri) and develop within the attachments of familial and systemic structures, experiencing both positive and adverse environmental factors. This brief insight will offer the reade r some understanding of the specific concept of emotion in our Western world. It will lead to focus on the crucial factor of human attachments as they model individual psychological development, and it will become clear that emotional resilience is part of a development synthesis (Cairns 1979) assimilated into psychological, social and cognitive theories that accumulatively demonstrate the emotional range of culture. When this synthesis is disturbed or traumatised, the concepts of fear or anxiety are experienced and begin an organic protective conditioning that if continual, can become manifested as negative psychological conditions and maladaptive behaviour. In seeking therapeutic efficacy, emotions might therefore be explored in relation to individual needs. The complexity of the social-mind-body assimilation presents a fascinating challenge for reparative treatment; research leading to a modernity of thought and beginning pro-active application of preventative measures through va rying social programmes. What are emotions? From early philosophical consideration to date, emotion has been viewed as an interference with rationality; an echo of pre-sapient expression. Darwin (1872)  [1]  introduced the concept of emotion in The expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals as he defined specific emotions finding expression through facial movement and overt behaviour. William James (1884)  [2]  extended this perspective in an article in Mind as he proposed this as a result of a prior, emotional neural signal; the feeling of physiological change Is the emotion. James Lange (1890)  [3]  developed this hypothesis further defining the first systemic theory of emotion, proposing three stages of emotional elicitation and physiological response: a presented emotional stimulus arousal in the autonomic nervous system physiological feedback leading to experience of an emotion In adverse extremity, we might acknowledge this as the basis of the fight or flight stress response, however this concept was extended by the Cannon-Bard Theory (1929)  [4]  as it specifically identified the hypothalamus of the brain to be the organ that activated physiological changes. Whereas the James-Lang Theory argued that human experience of emotion depended on preceding bodily changes, the Cannon-Bard Theory claimed that emotional experiences and bodily changes are independent. Early thought therefore understood resilience to be embedded in neurological physiological states. These proposals held historical behavioural cognitive validity, however there was no clarity of how an emotional situation actually activated the thalamus, i.e. how did the cognitive system detect that a stimulus was threatening or innocuous? The question remained: do individuals experience emotion based on their bodily perception, or are there specific emotional neural patterns which respond to envi ronmental events that result in physiological and visceral expressions? Perhaps the fulcrum of research was Schachter (1922 -1977)  [5]  as he proposed that only a general stage of visceral arousal was necessary for the experience of emotion and the individual would present the experience in the language of cognition, i.e. thought, past experiences, environmental references. Historical witness gave rise to Schachters James theories taken in accordance; as visceral arousal being essential for emotional experience but the manifestation of the emotion dependent on the cognitive, perceptual evaluations of external environment. To connect our animal nature with the world in which it is embeddedemotions respond immediately to the truth of things. They are the most alert form of attention. Disgust turns away from decay, fear warns of danger, desire recognizes beauty and pity responds to need. Hillman (1972) The psycho-biological and social perspectives are therefore implicit to the concept of emotional resilience within experiential processes. Drever (1964) stated that emotion is a complex state of the organism, involving bodily changes of widespread character in breathing, pulse, gland secretion etc. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and on the mental side, a state of excitement or perturbation, marked by a strong feeling, and usually an impulse towards a definite form of behaviour. Intrinsically connected the neurological and physiological systems create behavioural responses, evoking feelings and thoughts subsequently manifesting as learned behaviour and leaving a residue of experience. Drevers analysis alludes to trans-theoretical components which could initially be assumed to be in contextual concordance; cognitive, physiological, experiential, expressive and behavioural. These assumptions are integral to the research of Schachter Singer (1962) and their cognitive labelling theory  [6]  ; two f actors proposed as essential for emotional experience: high physiological arousal (neuro-psychological) emotional interpretation or label of the arousal, e.g. fear, pleasure, anger, (expressed through culturally shaped language). Critique could hold these assumptions as simplistic when considering Craske Craigs (1984) study of performing pianists, which typically found a lack of concordance of components during adverse situations. Whilst stress measurements of an individual component correlated significantly, trans-component measurements reflected little concordance, amplifying the complexity of emotion and its development of resilience. Why therefore can an individual appear to be very anxious or angry when one component of emotion is considered, but not when a different one is assessed? If the components were in correlation with each other, a singular measurement would only be necessary to understand an individuals emotional state. This observed lack of correlation supports consideration of integrative theoretical perspectives, as individuals have unique systemic foundations and neurological processing modalities. If as so far theoretically proposed, the origin of an emotion is an inherently organic and genetically pre-determined reaction to a stimulus; if the stimulus is adverse, how long can negative psychological impact be sustained without harm? Concepts of emotions and resilience are therefore embedded in a dynamic and interactive process of environmental interaction and socialisation, leading to a phenomenological consideration of experience. Phenomenological consideration reveals a diversity of emotional states identified at an experiential level. Mauss (1872 -1950)  [7]  and Mead (1901 -1978)  [8]  proposed individual minds to be penetrated by social and cultural practices; internal representations creating a dynamic view of the self. As we consider the socio-biological/cognitive proposals, it seems emotions are an individuals indicator of their human state in society and crucial to the defence of the self; therefore what of psychoanalytical thought? Freud purported emotions as a biological function, manifested as neuroses originating inner desires ; Jung (1875-1961)  [9]  proposed an archetypal self care system; for Adler (1870-1937)  [10]  self defence was socially based in the drive for success; existentialists such as Heidegger (1972)  [11]  and Kierkegaard (1960)  [12]  propose emotions as exposure of the threat of non-being; Ekman  [13]   Davidson  [14]  (1994) the evolutionary forc e that enables us to adapt to our life tasks and Hillman (1972),  [15]  emotions as symbols representative of the holistic pattern of the soul (Freshwater Robertson 2002). Is an individuals consciousness and internal world therefore systemically distorted to avoid anxiety? Within the psychodynamic realm, it seems individuals are not rational truth-seekers, attempting to accurately interpret the world, but defensive beings who distort reality in the avoidance of psychological pain. Within the interactive subtleties of the individual and social environment, two areas of thought occur in consideration of disturbed emotional resilience; the relationship with sustained, negative environmental forces and the impact of sudden trauma. Emotional resilience One of the most profound sources of anxiety is evoked through fear of a loss of identity or fragmentation and loss of self. The self evolves from birth as emotions develop from pre-verbal experiences, many of which are paralleled with another human being; the mother or primary care giver. Through the development of emotional resilience the crucial impact of attachments as familial and social interactions are internalised, not only to form emotional templates, but also the raw material of the self. Resilience of the self evolves if relations are stable; if not individuals will struggle to create a secure internal version of reality that enables assimilation with the external world. In healthy psychological development, everything depends upon a gradual humanisation and integration of the archetypal opposite inherent of the self as the infant and young child wrestles with tolerable experiences of frustration (hate) in context of a good-enough (not perfect) primary relationship.in as much as the traumatised child has intolerable experiences in the object world, the negative side of the self does not personalise, remaining archaic.the internal world becomes menaced. Kalsched (1996) Integral to the narrative of attachments, and the phenomenological experience fundamental to emotional resilience, Rothbart Ahadi (1994) proposed the element of genetic temperament. Encompassing differences in reactivity and self-regulation within a conjoint physiological and psychological concept, they identified the behavioural scales of surgency/extraversion (high intensity, pleasure v. impulsiveness and shyness); negative/affectivity (discomfort, fear v. satiability comfort) effortful control (inhibitory control, attentional focussing v. perceptual sensitivity). The first two dimensions of infant temperament; fearfulness and irritability correlate with childhood and adult dimensions of negative affectivity or neuroticism and reflect a parallel proposal to Eysencks (1916 -1997)  [16]  theory of arousal systems and the correlation with extraversion and introversion. Rutter Quinton (1984) found that children with heightened negative temperament and low malleability were like ly to elicit irritability and hostility from their parents; the formation of a negative attachment cycle. Rutter (1990) further suggested that this reflected a pattern in which the childrens attributes make them a focus for discord[increasing] the probability that exposure will set in motion a train of adverse reactions that will prolong the risk. Such cyclical behaviour leads us to note the socially constructed self formed through familial scripts and systemic legacies of beliefs and interaction; therefore as personality traits are considered, a set of variable responses may be interpreted as internalised habitual behaviour, thoughts, values, needs and goals. In the search of self, inner reflection arouses further emotions that might lead to additional adaptations, both negative and positive. Satinoff (1982) summarises; an organism behaviour at a particular time depends on the state of its nervous system, the stimuli in its immediate environment, its past individual history and the evolutionary history of its species. This analysis can be applied to the development of attachment as Bowlby (1969)  [17]  noted that adaptive function of proximity maintenance in the protection of human young, and simply identifying humans as social species therefore suggests the evolutionary functions of systems serve to keep individuals physically and emotionally close to others. If formulated on secure systemic attachments, there will be resilience of self; if conversely formulated on dysfunctional, avoidant or anxious attachments, emotional resilience is jeopardised. Social scripts and dogmas of early life, such as men dont cry can become exemplars of inappropriate relational paradigms which lead to conflict of an instinctual demand of attachment behaviour being socially accepted. When internalised distorted scripts remain active in the unconscious, they might severely restrict an adult ability to express emotion. The parody revealed is that through the formations within a psycho-social and behavioural paradigm, individuals who evolve within a negative or abusive environment, despite the continual experience of pain and anxiety, often continue to seek such relations and environments perpetuating the projective cycle of negativity with exposure to the risk of psychopathological development. Freshwater Robertson (2002) highlight the specific pathogenic personality of the parent(s) and the specific pathogenic atmosphere in which the child grew up that account for mal-developments, fixations and unsolvable inner conflicts characterising the adult personality; the correlation reflecting the breakdown in emotional resilience. Manifestation might then be seen in conditions such as social disorders, substance or alcohol abuse, obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, and in the extreme psychosis. What of the impact of sudden trauma? We are aware of the physiological response of the autonomic nervous system, however the psychological impact is not easily assessed as this is dependent on the formulated emotional resilience of an individual. Jung (1929) stated that certain complexes arise from painful or distressing experiences of an emotional nature leave lasting psychic woundsoften [crushing] valuable qualities in an individual. All these produce unconscious complexes of personal nature..others come from quite a different source.the collective unconscious.  [18]  The historical Western script in relation to psychological pain has been to ignore it; to get on with life. There has to be an element of stoicism to return to functional life; however the psyche is powerful in demanding remembrance of pain as poignantly recorded in the recent memorial to the liberation of Auschwitz 65 years later: So I was hiding out in the heap of dead bodies because in the last week when the crematoria didnt function at all, the bodies were just building up higher and higher. So there I was at night time, in the daytime I was roaming around in the camp, and this is where I actually survived. Bart Stern  [19]   Social scripts are changing but some denial still exists in corners of Western culture. Theorists have suggested that in the desire to block psychological pain, or to control or avoid emotional responses in accordance to this legacy of the collective unconscious, an emotional numbing becomes an automatic process; evoking symptoms of disinterest, detachment or denial. Avoidance of emotional material is thought to be a central factor in negative outcomes such as post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The emotional processing model proposed by Foa Kozak (1986) and the relational construct theory of human learning (Kelly 1905 -1967 )  [20]  give some insight to the effect and symptoms of PTSD. The theories account for the generalisation of trauma cues within learned behaviour, of memories of trauma and experiential and external, emotionally associated responses. Avoidance of emotion can lead to paradoxical increases in emotional experience; suppression of thoughts leading to target- related anxiety, i.e. situational factors. The crucial note of Jungian theory is that traumatic emotional experiences can remain in the psyche by becoming autonomous and adopting characteristics of their own, which can then dominate or even possess the conscious ego (Roemer Borkovec 1994). Following trauma, concealment of emotions has also been associated with diminished memory for information and cognitive ability interfering with an individuals ability to engage adaptively with the environment. Therapeutic efficacy in the maintenance of emotional resilience The complicity of factors relating to the disturbance of emotional resilience continues as a focal height of research. Salters et al (2002) highlighted areas of theoretical empirical evidence gaining credence in the link between and emotionally avoidant perception, social interaction and, in the area of therapeutic efficacy, the experience of clinical anxiety. Plagued by definitional and methodological challenges, the study of emotional resilience holds complex phenomena; however cross-theoretical approaches now contribute to holistic understanding. Craske Zucker (2002) proposed models for psycho-social interventions as they highlight several of the specific factors discussed that affect emotional resilience; anxiety, familial transmission, temperament, life stresses and co-morbidity. Their research focussed on buffer factors of emotional resilience through concepts such as hardiness and social support. Seligman (2000) had emphasised the importance of optimism as Rutter (1995) outl ined five categories of protective factors: reduction of adverse experiences, reduction of negative chain reactions, promotion of self esteem and self efficacy; the opening of positive opportunities and the positive cognitive processing of negative experiences. Davidson (2000) clarified these as a broad constellation of processes that serve to amplify, attenuate or maintain the strength of emotional reactions. It is identified that anxiety disorders are most likely to develop during critical developmental stages, dependent on the resilience of the emotional templates; (Blehar 1995) transitions such as adolescence and mid-life could therefore be crucial times for the support of a proactive-developmental-ecological approach (Winett et al 1989). Conclusion The area of research into emotional resilience is self perpetuating and too vast to address comprehensively in this short response. It is therefore hoped that some insight is offered to the complexity of emotions as structured phenomena, and resilience as the dynamic component of this. It has reflected a trans-theoretical combination of psychotherapeutic thought, and presented the evolution of human emotional resilience to be a synthesising process that demands positive adaptation to lifes adversity. Crucial to the maintenance of healthy emotional resilience within social interaction is the exposure to, internalisation of, and management of positive and negative stimuli. Emotions are not merely feeling states but internal states that when disturbed, the distinction between the collective and individual unconscious becomes obscured creating internal distress and continues to reflect what Jung described in1912 as the problem of our time. The Gestalt perspective exemplifies the struggle to address this problem and maintain a healthy emotional resilience as it presents the human psyche and body to be an organic function and ultimate experiential unit (Perls 1969).  [21]   I do my thing you do your thing. I am not in this world to live up to your expectations And you are not in this world to live up to mine. You are you and I am I And if by chance we find each other, its beautiful. If not, it cannot be helped. Gestalt Prayer [3209]

1920s Fashion – Research Paper

The 1920’s fashion was a period of liberation, change, and even more importantly a movement towards the modern era. Fashion in the 1920’s varied throughout the decade but one could see the noticeable change from the previous fashion statements and eras. At the start of the decade, women began emancipating themselves from the constricting fashions by wearing more comfortable apparel.As women gained more rights and World War I forced them to become more independent, flappers came to be, mass-produced garments became available, and artistic movements increased in popularity, one can see how the fashions from the roaring twenties characterized the time and redefined womanhood. (1920s clothing 1) In the early 1920s, change advanced gradually as many women were reluctant to adopt the new styles and changes coming with the new era. From 1925 on however, the styles associated with the roaring twenties were excitedly accepted by the public and continued to characterize fashion i nto the late 1930s.Numerous years had passed since the end of World War I. After the burden of the war, and the female liberation movement, women now felt free-spirited and just simply wanted to have a little fun again. (1920’s Fashion 1) Having won the right to vote in the 1920s, women were able to break free of the traditional feminine image and behaviors previously associated with them. (The American Vision 378) Specifically, women were experiencing a greater sense of individuality and even more importantly a greater sense of independence.As new opportunities arose, women began to shed the confining clothing of the previous centuries. Corsets were forgotten and replaced with looser fitting camisoles. (1920’s Fashion 1) Designers had much more freedom of expression with the new dresses and tops of the twenties. Colorful, loud fabrics showed the joy the women felt about the end of the war and their new freedom and independence. (1920’s women fashions 1) As the 1920s came to a close, one can see how the clothes became more comfortable for women and much less constricting resulting in a slimmer silhouette for women.Thanks to Coco Chanel, the iconic flapper image most closely associated with the roaring twenties came about. The flapper and flapper image didn’t actually come to be until around 1926 and even then was only in style for about three years. Typical flappers were women who appeared to have a bold attitude and were independent women who didn’t adhere to the previously innocent housewife image. A flapper usually had a bob haircut, a shorter than average dress, a flat chest, wore tons of make-up, drank illegal alcohol, smoked with a long cigarette holder, exposed her limbs and danced the Charleston.This was a drastic change from the typical American housewife to the reckless rebel. The flapper dresses stressed above the knee hemlines and construed straight, sleek shapes. This was the first time in centuries women’ s legs were being seen in a garment. (1920s Fashion 1) Flappers loved to jazz up their costume and even their image. Many flappers’ dresses were adorned with jewels and intricate beading. The main object of the flapper image was to appear almost boyish rather than looking feminine. 1920s clothing 1) The nineteen twenties became the first century where mass produced goods really became available and made a significant impact in everyone’s lives. High fashion before the 1920s had really only been for the richer women of society who could afford such luxuries. Mass produced garments became available to more women who could afford them. Mary Pickens Brook of the Woman’s Institute transformed the fashion industry when she invented the one-hour dress. Thanks to Brook, women could now make their own dresses by following a simple sewing pattern.As it was easier for women to make dresses at home it was also easier for factories to manufacture the simple garments. This ba sic style, coupled with the increase in mass production, made fashion easily attainable to women of all income levels. The average person’s fashion sense became more sophisticated than previous eras. Recorded fashion images show after the twenties the fashions of ordinary women and what they typically wore in contrast to just the clothing of the rich. Styles at all levels now were being heavily influenced by the newly portrayed movie stars.Regular people could now see the movie star’s fashion and make their own renditions of it to create an ever changing style. (1920s Fashion 1) Art had a particularly remarkable influence over the 1920’s clothing. Crazy and bright fabrics were becoming more and more prominent throughout the decade as opposed to the blacks, grays, and neutrals of the past years. Designers also started playing around with geometric patterns and shapes. (1920’s clothing 1) Lighter, brighter, and shorter became the new expectations of clothin g in the 1920’s, especially the dresses.Fashion designers started to become more daring and use numerous fabric colors, textures, and patterns in their line of clothing. Ravishing coordinated and accessorized outfits were a must have for the ladies of nineteen twenties. Hats, shoes, stockings, handbags, dresses, and jewelry all came together in perfect harmony to create a unique an elegant style not previously seen in earlier decades. (1920’s women fashions 1) Influences from the 1920s fashions decade can still be found in many of today’s present trends. For starters, women could now find the same looks in high-priced boutiques as they could in discount retailers.Cardigan jackets and sweaters, first worn in the 1920s have become staple items in today’s fashion industry. Even the style of the bob hair cut has become a classic style nowadays. The fashion of the nineteen twenties was the beginning of change and the love of fashion that numerous people share today. As a result of liberation and artistic movements, mass-production, and flappers one can see how the nineteen twenties fashion era began shaping the fashion industry into one of the biggest industries known today.

Facets of guidance Essay

2.1 Personal and social guidance Personal and social guidance is needed by learners in order to cope with negative feelings; such as feeling inferior, rejected, lonely, hated, indecisive, inadequate or dislike for themselves. As well to transform them into positive feelings; such as having a good self-esteem, feeling loved, accepted, happy and confident. Educators and counsellors will use personal and social guidance to fulfil one of their principal responsibilities – to enable learner to develop a positive self-image. Personal guidance will also enable learners to deal with crisis such as changing schools, physical abuse, violence in the home or community or the death of a parent or sibling. A form of social guidance is the interaction of learners, with parents, educators, learners, siblings and other members of the community. These forms of interaction can provide social and emotional satisfaction but may also lead to behavioural problems, which need social guidance to address them. Educational guidance Educational guidance includes all the facets of learning e.g. memorising  work, how to learn for and write tests, i.e. everything relating to the learners schoolwork. With regards to learners finding difficulty with schoolwork, educators must identify the issue, deal with it and find solutions for it. Study methods, learner’s motivation to learn, academic assistance and reinforcement of academic work, as well as unrealistic expectations of educators and/or parents can all be addressed through educational guidance. Problems with education don’t happen in isolation, therefore educational assistance should take all other aspects e.g. the person himself or herself, the home, peers, school and community into account. Vocational guidance This facet of guidance involves viewing the learner as an individual and guiding them to make a realistic career choice. It is important for the learner to become familiar with the concept of â€Å"the workplace†, therefore career education should begin at primary school with emphasis on exploring work opportunities, instead of on specific selection of work. Learners should be introduced to various careers in pre-primary school, by means of different themes and by visits to a hospital, doctor, dentist, farm, fire station, etc. 2.2 Firstly I would use an exploratory interview to assist Nomsa as she is only in grade 2 and this interview is particularly used for learners who are very young. I, the counsellor, would be able to find out, through deliberation, who Nomsa is, as well as find out the nature and scope of her problem by means of the exploratory interview. Secondly, I would use the historicity interview in order to get a better understanding of Nomsa. This interview would give me an indication of her personal development thus far and would also allow me to see her views about her education and school experience. I would then carry out an informative interview with Nomsa and her parents and by doing so I will capture data on Nomsa’s personality structure and education, which in turn can be processed by her parents and educators in the view to support her. Lastly, I would use the advisory interview to set Nomsa’s parents on their way toward more efficient guidance of their child. By carrying out this interview, I will be able to provide  Nomsa’s parents with moral support, advice and help and will be able to give them informed suggestions on how to improve her educational situation. 2.3.1 Sensing: An understanding of sensing will equip the teacher to offer educational guidance for the young child/learner as the teacher will be aware of the fact that sensing is essentially the moment of all learning. The teacher will also know that learners become aware of things through their five senses and he/she can therefore use this knowledge when planning activities for his/her learners. Furthermore it will be evident to the teacher that learners will not become involved in learning activities unless sensing is adequately actualised and the teacher will then be able to realise that sensing plays a vital role in learning. 2.3.2 Paying attention: An understanding of the learning mode, â€Å"paying attention†, will equip the teacher to offer educational guidance for the young child/learner as the teacher will understand that it is through the senses that learners become involved in the learning process but that it is however imperative for learners to stay involved in the learning content. This involvement is determined by the learners willingness, which in turn sets in motion learning activities such as thinking, perceiving, fantasising , imagining and memorising. 2.3.3 Perception: Perception is a precondition for learning and is dependant upon the senses. The teacher will therefore know that it is through the perception process that the learner will identify the learning content. The teacher will also be aware of the fact that language development and perceiving are closely interwoven; therefore the language used is the medium of stating what is perceived. 2.3.4 Thinking: The understanding of the concept of thinking will equip the teacher to offer educational guidance for the young learner as it will be evident to the teacher that the thinking constitutes to problem solving, the teacher will also be aware of the fact that emphasis must be placed on analysing, planning, reasoning, synthesising and arranging of learning content. The  teacher will also know that there are two types of thought development – reproductive thought, which plays an important role in the recall of existing memory; and productive thought which leads to the forming of new concepts. Bibliography Papalia, DE & Olds, SW. 1978. Human development. Toronto: McGraw-Hill.

Worst Human Parasites and How You Get Them